History of Educational Technology
There is no written proof that can tell us exactly who coined the phrase education technology has. Several educators, scientists and philosophers of different definitions in different time intervals have forwarded education technology. Educational technology is a versatile and integrated process in which ideas, people, procedures, and devices from different areas of the Organization, where technology science as per the need and the requirement of education for the implementation, evaluation and management of solutions to such problems involved in all aspects of human learning is borrowed.
There is no written proof that can tell us exactly who coined the phrase education technology has. Several educators, scientists and philosophers of different definitions in different time intervals have forwarded education technology. Educational technology is a versatile and integrated process in which ideas, people, procedures, and devices from different areas of the Organization, where technology science as per the need and the requirement of education for the implementation, evaluation and management of solutions to such problems involved in all aspects of human learning is borrowed.
Educational technology has gone through five stages.
The first phase of the educational technology is associated with the use of tools such as charts, maps, symbols, models, samples and concrete materials. The term educational technology was used as synonyms audiovisual aids.
The second phase of educational technology is linked to the ' electronic revolution ' with the introduction and the establishment of advanced hardware and software. Use of different audiovisual tools such as magic lanterns, projector, tape recorder, radio and television brought a revolutionary change in the educational scenario. Education was accordingly taken this advanced technology concept in terms of instruments and equipment for effective presentation of educational materials.
The third stage of the educational technology is connected to the development of mass-media which in turn to ' communication revolution ' for educational purposes. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) used for the education since 1950s also popular during this period.
The fourth stage of educational technology is observable by the individualized process of instruction. The invention of programmed learning and programmed instruction provided a new dimension to the education technology. A self-learning system based on self-instructional materials and educational machines emerged.
The last concept of educational technology is influenced by the concept of system engineering or system approach that focuses on education, language laboratories, machines programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of the computer in the statement. According to the education technology is a systematic way of designing, implementation and evaluation of the overall process of teaching and learning in terms of concrete objectives based on research.
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| History of Educational Technology |
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty of the origin of the term, can be traced to the time of the three-age system periodization of human prehistory; namely the stone age, the bronze age and the iron age.
During Stone Age, inflammation of fire by rubbing stones, manufacture of different handmade weapon and utensils of stones and clothing practice were some of the simple technological developments of the utmost importance. A fraction of the stone age people developed ocean outrigger canoe-worthy ship technology to migrate from one place to another on the ocean, which they recorded their first informal education of knowledge of the ocean currents, weather conditions, sailing, and star maps developed practice astronavigation. During the later stone age (Neolithic period), for agricultural practices, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks largely by digging underground tunnels, which can be considered as the first steps in mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after appearance of bronze and iron; people used it for clearing of forest and the creation of crop agriculture.
Although stone age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidence revealed their shift from nomadic life farming settlement. Old instruments kept in various museums, cave paintings such as Altamira Cave in Spain, and other prehistoric art, such as the Venus of Willendorf, Mother Goddess of Laussel, France etc are some of the evidence of their cultures.
Neolithic revolution of Stone Age resulted in the appearance of the bronze age with the development of agriculture, animal domestication and the adoption of permanent settlements. For this practice developed bronze age people melt metal with copper and later further, bronze, an alloy of tin and copper, the materials of their choice.